ESTIMATING & COSTING important questions

    (a) Why are specifications necessary?

(a)     Describe investigations you would make to ascertain the unit prices of the following items of working the construction of building in your city:

(i)      Brick masonry in 1:6 cement at mortar

(ii)     Cement plaster

(iii)      1:1½:3 concrete for R.C.C. slabs, beams and columns

   Write down detailed specification for the following:

(i)      Cement concrete flooring

(ii)     Wood work for doors

(iii)      Coursed rubble masonry

(iv)     Laying G.I. pipes for water supply

            (a) Explain clearly the advantages of the centre line method, over the Out-to-out and in to in and other methods.

(b)    Calculate the quantity of sand required for 100 sq m. of cement plaster 1:4 and 10 mm thick.

(c)     Calculate the number of bricks required for 100 sq. m of 10 cm thick will (partition) with 1:6 cement mortar.

   (a) Write out analysis of rates of following items of works:

R.C.C. work in column of 1:1½:3 with 2% reinforcement. Assume current rates in the analysis.

(b) What is meant by the following?

(i)    Bill of quantities

(ii)     Abstract of coil

 Explain the following terms:

(i)    Sinking fund.

(ii)     Depreciation

(iii)      Earnest money

(iv)     Security Deposit

   (a) What are lump sum contract? Mention their advantages and disadvantages

(b) Explain overhead charges and contingency.

   Write short on the following:

(a)      Current schedule of rates (CSR)

(b)    Scrap value

(c)    Orientation of building

(d)    Site plan

            (a) Differentiate between approximate and detailed estimate. What is the necessity of approximate estimate?

(b) Explain the Differentiate between measurement sheet and abstract sheet. Explain with example, how a quantity of a particular item of work is obtained.

   (a) What is “Overhead Costs”? Enumerate various expenses to be included in this.

(b) What is “contingencies”? Explain its need and use.

   (b) State the quantities of materials requires for1:4 each

(i)    10 cu-m of brick work in cement mortar1:4

(ii)     100sq. m of distempering.

   Write short notes on the following:

 

(a)      C.S.R

(b)    Depreciation

(c)    Work charge establishment

(d)    Lead and lift for earth work

   (a) Distinguish the following:

(i)    Revised estimate and Supplementary estimate.

(ii)     Primordial method and Mean sectional method for calculating the earthwork.

(b)    Give the rate analysis for the following items of works:

(i)    R.S.C. work in beams

(ii)     Teas work shutters for doors and windows.

            (a) What are the different methods of estimating the earth work? Explain each method briefly. Which method would you consider best and why?

(b) Work are the quantity of masonry in a dry stone masonry retaining wall 100 m long, 60 cm top width, 3.6 m base with, 5.4 m high and vertical back.

            Estimate the quantities of the following items of work for a single room servants quarter. Any date required bur not given, may be suitably assumed:

(i)    Earthwork is excavation of foundation

(ii)     First class brickwork in superstructure (above plinth level)

(iii)      Plastering on the wall surfaces Following details are given:

(a)    Internal dimensions of quarter – 3.50 m × 4.5 m

(b)    Walls -20cm thick above the plinth level

(c)    Foundation -80 cm wide and 110 cm deep

(d)    Roof 15 cm thick R.C.C. over laid by 10 cm thick lime concrete terrace

(e) Doors – 1.2 m × 2.10 m – 1 No. Windows – 1.0 m × 1.5 m – 2 Nos.

Shelves – 1.0 m × 1.5 m × 10 cm deep – 1 No.

All lintels above door. Windows and shelf are 20 cm thick RCC.

   Distinguish between the following:

(a)    Administrative approval and Technical sanction

(b)    Sundries and Supervision changes

(c)    Dismantling and Demolition

(d)    Revised estimate and Supplementary estimate

   Distinguish between the following:

(a)    Sinking fund and Depreciation

(b)    Salvage and Scrap value

(c)    Capital value and year’s purchase

(d)    Rental method of valuation and Development method of valuation

   Write short notes on the following:

(a)    Overhead cost

(b)    Lump sum items

(c)    Schedule of rates

(d)    Work charged of establishment

   (a) State the unit of measurement for the following work:

(i)    Iron work in truss

(ii)     Brick work in wall

 

(iii)      Cornice

(iv)     Glazing

(b)    State the quantities of material required:

(i)    10 cu. M. of brick masonry in cement mortar 1:4

(ii)     100 sq. m. of cement poineing1:2

(c)     For item of painting state the coefficients applied to the following    uneven surfaces measured flat:

(d)    What is a schedule of rates? Prepares it and how is it useful?

            (a) Estimate the quantities of various materials required for a R. C. C. (1:2:4) roof slab 12 cm thick with 1% reinforcement for a room having internal dimension of or 4m×3m. Assume bearing on wall as15 cm.

(d) What is “Task”? What is its significance in estimating?

   (a) Differentiate between general specifications and detailed specifications.

(b) What is plinth area estimate for a building? How is it obtained?

 (a) Explain “bill of quantities”.

(b)  What is “Revised estimate”? Under what circumstances it is required to be prepared?

(c)  What is “supplementary estimate’’? What is prepared?

   (a) What is “depreciation”? Explain various its computation.

(b) Differentiate between gross income and net

 Write short notes on the following:

(a)                  Sinking fund

(b)                 Types of estimate

(c)                  Overhead charges

            From the attached plan and cross–section as shown in fig. 1 [(a) and (b)]. Estimate the quantities of the following items of work by separate or individual or long wall and short wall methods.

(i)                               Earth work in excavation in foundation.

(ii)                             First class brick work in Foundation and Plinth in 6 cement mortar.

(iii)                            2 cm thick damp proof course (D.P.C).

(iv)                            12 mm thick inside plastering.

(v)                             Painting doors and windows too coats over one

   Write detailed specifications for the following

(i)      First class brick work

(ii)     Earth work in excavation in foundation.

   Write technical short notes on any four of the following.

(i)      Measurement sheet and abstract sheet.

(ii)     Different types of estimate

(iii)      Estimation of R.C.C. wore

(iv)     Work charged establishment.

            The plan and section of a building are given in the enclosed drawing. Estimate the quantities of the following:

(a)                  Earth work in excavation in foundation

(b)                 First class brick work in superstructure in 1:6 mortar

            Differentiate between the following:

(a)                  Market value and book value

(b)                 Revised estimate and supplementary bill

 

(c)                  Lead and lift of earth work

(d)                 Depreciation and obsolescence

            Analyse the rates of the following items of work. Assume suitable rates for material and labour:

(a)                  First class brick work is 1:6 cement mortar in foundation and plinth.

(b)                 Laying of cement concrete in 1:4:8 in foundation.

   Write short notes on the following:

Ø  Schedule or rates

Ø  Work charged establishment

Ø  Plinth area rates

Ø  Methods of valuation

Ø  Rent fixation of buildings

            The detail of a two roomed residential building is shown in the attached drawing. Estimate the quantities of the following items:

(a)                  Earth work in excavation in foundation

(b)                 First class brick work in foundation and plinth

            Differentiate between the following:

(a)                  Carpet area and built-up area

(b)                 Running bills and final bills

(c)                  Depreciation and obsolescence

(d)                 Security deposit and retention money

   Write the analysis of rates for the following items:

(a)    First class brick work in superstructure is 1:6 cement mortar.

(b)    RCC work1:1½:3 in beams and slab in first floor.

   For the attached drawing work out quantities of the following items:

(a)    RCC work 1:2:4 assuming 1% reinforcement

(b)    Wood Work for doors and windows

            (a) What are the purposes of rates analysis? Why does the rates change with time in  years for any item?

(b) Prepare rate analysis for 1:2:4 RCC work assuming 1% reinforcement for slab  at  first floor.

   (a) Write in brief how would you ahead for the valuation of building in under area.

(b) Develop correlation between salvage value and scrap value. Explain their role in construction industry.

            Differentiate Between the following: (a.) Revised & supplementary Estimate. (b.) Estimate & Abstract.

(c.) Cost, price & Value. (d.) Tender & Contract

(e.) Centre Line & Individual Wall Method.

            Write short notes on the following: (a.) Standard costing

(b.) Task per Day (c.) Specification

(d.) Schedule of Rates (e.) Estimate

 

            Calculate the Quantity of earth work for 1 Km length of a road in a uniform ground the height of embankment at two ends being 1m & 1.6m. The formation width is 10m & side slope 2:1 (hori: vert).

Ø  Brick masonry in arch 1:3

Ø  Cement Flush Pointing

   Short Notes on Differentiate

Ø  Year’s Purchase

Ø  Rental method

Ø  Development method

Ø  Gross in come

Ø  Net income

Ø  Standard costing

Ø  Task per Day

Ø  Specification

Ø  Schedule of Rates

Ø  Estimate