WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING important questions

  UNIT-1

Q-1.Explain Hydrological Cycle & its components?

Q-2.Enumerate different types of raingauge with neat sketch diagram?

Q-3.Explain the Computation of runoff . Describe various factors affecting runoff.

Q-4.Describe Base flow separation and its methods in detail with Hydrograph.

Q-5.What is unit Hydrograph? Describe the procedure of using a unit hydrograph to develop the flood List the assumptions involved in the unit hydrograph Theory.

Q-6.A catchment has seven rain gauge stations. In a year, the annual rainfalls recorded by the gauges are as follows.

Station	P	Q	R	S	T	U	V
Rainfall (cm)	130.0	142.1	118.2	108.5	165.2	102.1	146.9

Q-7.Determine the standard error in the estimation of the mean rainfall in the existing set of rain gauges.

Q-8.For a 5% error in the estimation of the mean rainfall, calculate the minimum number of additional rain gauge station to be established in the catchment.

Q-9.A 3h Unit Hydrograph for a basin has the following ordinates. Using the S-curve method determine 9-h unit hydrograph ordinates.

Time (h)	0	3	6	9	12	15	18	21	24	27	30	33	36
Discharge (m3/sec)	0	12	75	132	180	210	183	156	135	144	96	87	66

 

UNIT-2

Q-10.      Find the delta for a crop if the duty for a base period of 110 days is 1400 hectares/cumec. Q-11.               Define (a) Crop rotation (b) Crop ratio (c) Consumptive use \

Q-12.      Write down various advantages and disadvantages of irrigation? Describe various methods of irrigation with neat sketch.

Q-13.      What is duty and delta? Derive a relationship between them. Describe various factors affecting duty.

Q-14.      Define the following      (a) Crop Rotation      (b) Base Period

(c) Filed Capacity     (d) Wilting Coefficient

Q-15.      Define Irrigation & its necessity? Write down various advantage and disadvantages of irrigation? Explain Irrigation development.

 Q-16.      Explain various type of Irrigation method?

Q-17.      Find the delta for a crop if the duty for a base period of 100 days is 1200 hectares/cumec.

Q-18.      The root zone of an irrigation soil has dry unit weight of 15 KN/m3 and a field capacity of 30%. The root zone depth of a certain crop, having permanent wilting percentage of 8% is 0.8m. Determine (a) depth of moisture in the root zone at filed capacity (b) depth of moisture in the root zone at permanent wilting point, and (c) depth of water available.

 

UNIT-3

Q-19.      Write down various aquifer properties.

Q-20.      State and discuss assumptions and limitations of Dupit’s Theory. Derive       expression for discharge from a well in unconfined aquifer or confined aquifer (anyone).

Q-21.      What do you understand by recuperation test? Derive the equation used in the test. Q-22.               Discuss advantages & disadvantages of well irrigation.

Q-23.      Show, with the help of sketch, various types of well.

Q-24.      The following observations were recorded during a pumping out test on tube well penetrating fully in a aquifer.

Well diameter = 25cm

Discharge from the well= 300 m3/ hour

R.L. of original water surface, before pumping started= 122m

R.L. of water in the well at constant pumping =117.1 m

R.L. of water in the observation well =121.3m

R.L. of impervious layer=92.0m

Radial distance of observation well from tube well =50m Q-25.               Determine:

(a)    Field permeability coefficient of the aquifer (b) radius of zero drawdown Q-26.               Design a tube well for the following data:

(i)                   Yield required                         = 0.08 cumec

(ii)                 Thickness of confined aquifer= 30m

(iii)                Radius of circle of influence = 300m

(iv)                Permeability coefficient          = 60m/day

(v)                 Drawdown                              = 5m

 

UNIT-4

Q-27.    Describe Kennedy’s silt theory. Write down the design steps of channel by Kennedy’s theory.

Q-28.    Explain Lacey’s Regime Theory? Write down regime conditions. Draw and discuss channel section according to lacey’s theory.

Q-29.    What do you understand by Canal lining? Explain various types of lining an necessity of lining.

Q-30.    Explain different types of hydraulic structure with suitable sketch.

Q-31.    Design an irrigation Channel on Kennedy’s theory, to carry a discharge of 45 cumecs.

Take N=0.0225 and m=1.05. The channel has a bed slope 1 in 5000.

Q-32.    The slope of channel in alluvium is S= 1/5000; Laceys’ silt factor=0.9 and channel side

slope =¹:1. Find the channel section and maximum discharge which can be allowed to

2

flow in it.

UNIT-5

Q-33.      Discuss about water resources in India?

 Q-34.      Explain use of GIS in water resources.

Q-35.      Describe flood routing through reservoirs and channels. Q-36.               Explain various methods of the flood peak magnitude. Q-37.               Describe use of GIS for Water Resources

Q-38.      Discuss Planning of water resources projects

 Q-39.      For a river, the estimated flood peaks for two return periods by the use of Gumble’s method are as follows:-

Return Period T (Years)	Peak flood (m3/sec)
100	435
50	395

 When flood discharge in this river will have return period of 1000 years.

 Q-40.      Annual maximum recorded floods in the river bhima at deorgaon, a tributary of the river Krishna, for the period 1951 to 1961 is given below.

Year	Maximum Flood (m3/s)
1951	2947
1952	3521
1953	2399
1954	4124
1955	3496
1956	2947
1957	5060
1958	4903
1959	3757
1960	4798

Important question Transportation Engineering

 1.        Explain super-elevation & mention the 4 design steps of super-elevation.

2.        Explain Stopping Sight Distance and Overtaking sight distance.

3.        Explain in detail the Nagpur road plan.

4.        Explain in detail Road widening.

5.        Calculate SSD for V=50kmph for (a) two-way traffic in a two lane road (b) two-way traffic in single lane road.

6.        Find the extra widening for W=7m, R=250m, longest wheel base, l=7m, V=70kmph.

7.        Two lane road, V=80 kmph, R=480 m, Width of the pavement at the horizontal curve=7.5 m. (i) Design super elevation for mixed traffic. (ii) By how much the outer edge of the pavement is to be raised with respect to the centerline, if the pavement is rotated with respect to centerline.

8.        A valley curve is formed by descending gradient n1= 1 in 25 and ascending gradient n2= 1 in 30. Design the length of the valley curve for V=80kmph.

9.        Write a note on length of transition curve.

10.     Write a note on superelevation.

11.     Draw a neat section of flexible pavement and discuss all the components.

12.     Discuss advantages & disadvantages of rigid pavements.

13.     How bituminous mix design is done by Marshall method? Explain various criteria and test procedure with graphs.

14.     Write a note on highway parking and compare different types of parking.

15.     Write notes on the following

a.        Sub-surface drainage

b.        Channelized intersections

16.     Explain the following

a.        Transportation Planning

b.        Road marking

17.     Discuss the following

a.        WBM

b.        WMM

c.        BM

d.        IBM

18.     Write short notes on following

a.        Joints in concrete pavement

b.        Dowel bars & tie bars

19.     Discuss the following

a)      Trip generation

b)      Trip distribution

c)      Rotary design

d)     Sign & signals

e)      Street lighting

20.     Discuss different patterns of runway capacity.

21.     Discuss all the factors to be considered during airport site selection.

22.     The length of a runway under standard conditions is 1550 m. The airport is to be provided at an elevation of 140 m above the MSL. The ART is 24°C. Determine the corrected runway length if the effective gradient is 0.4%.

23.     What is wind rose? Explain how wind rose I & II are used to find orientation.

24.     Explain PAR in detail.

25.     Explain

a)        Approach Area

b)       Conical Surface

26.     Write notes on the following

a)        Take-off climb surface

b)       Airport classification

c)        Basic runway length

27.     Write notes on the following (any 2)

a)        Runway Lights

b)       VOR

c)                             Zoning regulations

28.              Discuss the following

a)      Rotating beacon

b)      Approach lights

29.     Draw a detailed plan of airport lighting.

30.     Write a note on zoning regulations

40 important question RCC

 Design Philosophies

 

Q1) If M20 is the grade of concrete, calculate the value of design strength of concrete considered for design.

Q2) Find out the design strength of Fe-415 grade steel.

 

Q3) If 25mm is the clear cover in 230mmx500mm beam, with 8 mm diameter stirrups and 3 nos.16 mm diameter longitudinal reinforcement arranged in single layer. Find out the following

a)  Effective / nominal cover

 

b)  Effective depth

 

c)  Spacing between longitudinal bars.

 

Q4 ) Using stress block parameter derive the values for limiting neutral axis depth, limiting depth and limiting moment for Fe-415,Fe-250,Fe-500.

Q5) What do you understand by working stress method and limit state method of design? Explain clearly

Design of Slabs

 

Q6) Differentiate between one way slab and two way slab.

 

Q7) An unrestrained reinforced concrete slab of effective dimension 4 m × 5m is simply supported on all four walls. It has to carry a characteristic live load of 12 kN/m² in addition to the dead load. Assuming M25 and Fe-415, thickness of the slab being 225 mm and finishing load of 1kN/m², what should be the design load as per limit state method and coefficients and moments along shorter span and longer span respectively

Q8) Design a reinforced concrete slab for a room of clear dimensions 3m x 7m supported on walls of 300 mm. Live load on the slab is 3kN/m² and floor finish of 1kN/m² Use M25 and Fe500. Sketch proper detailing to be provided

Q9)Design a continuous RC slab for a class room 7 m wide and 14 m long. The roof is to be supported on R.C.C. beams spaced at 3.5 m intervals. The width of beam should be kept 230 mm. The superimposed load 3 kn/m2 and finishing load expected is 1 kn/m2 use M30 concrete and Fe 415 steel.

Q10) Design a slab for a room of clear internal dimensions 3mx5m supported on walls of 300 mm thickness, with corners held down. Two adjacent edges of the slab are continuous and other

 

two discontinues. Live load on the slab is 3 kn/m2. Assume floor finish of 1kn/m2. Use M20 concrete and Fe 415 steel sketch the details of reinforcements.

Q11)Design a cantilever slab of span 2m to carry a imposed load of 2 km over its entire span. Take finishing lead as 1kn/m2. Use M20 and FE 415. Sketch reinforcement details.

Q12) Design a reinforced concrete slab for a room of size 4m x5m superimposed load is 5 kN/m. Use M20 concrete and Fe 415 steel. The edges are simply supported corners are held down.

Q13) Design reinforced concrete slab of size 6mx4m. Whose short edges corners are restrained at supports. The slab has to carry a live load of a 2kn/m and floor finish of 1 kN/m. Use M20 Fe- 415 and sketch reinforcement details.

Design of beams

 

Q14) Design a simply supported rectangular beam of length 5m supported on supports of  300 mm thick, with Live load of 15 Kn/m.

 

Q15) Design cantilever beam of span 2.5 m ,supported on column of width 400mm. Live load on the beam is 10 Kn/m.

 

Q16) Design a continous rectangular beam of span 8 m to carry dead load of 8 kN/m and live load of 18 kN/m. The beam is continous over more than 3 spans.

 

Q17) The rectangular beam of width, 300 mm is having overall depth of 600 mm. The concrete grade is M20 and the grade of reinforcing steel is Fe415. The tensile reinforcement is provided by 5-20 mm dia bars. The clear cover is 25 mm. The design shear force is 500 kN The design shear strength of concrete, τc, MPa for M20 grade of concrete is given as (100 Ast/bd ,τc, MPa) (0.25,0.36), (0.50, 0.48), (0.75, 0.56), (1.00, 0.62), (1.25, 0.67), (1.50, 0.72),

(1.75, 0.75), (2.00, 0.79), (2.25, 0.81), (2.50, 0.82). For M20 grade of concrete, the maximum shear stress permitted is 2.80 MPa. The spacing of stirrups for 2-legged stirrup of diameter 12 mm is closer to: (a) 100 mm (b) 200 mm (c) 300 mm (d) Increase depth of beam

 

Q18)A rectangular beam is to be simply supported on supports of 230 mm width. The clear span of the beam is 6 m. The beam is to have width of 300 mm. The characteristic super imposed load is 12 kN/m Using M20 concrete and Fe 415 steel design the beam.

 

Q19) Design a rectangular beam of section 230 mm x 600 mm of effective span 6 m. Effective cover for reinforcement should be kept as 50 mm. Imposed load on the beam is 40 kn/m.Use M20 concrete and Fe 415steel.

 

Q20)The portico of a guest house building consists of cantilever beams of effective span 3 m.

 

spaced at 2.5 m centre to centre. The beams support 120 mm thick slab. Live load on slab is

1.5 kn/m. Using concrete mix of M20 and steel Fe 415, design an intermediate beam.

 

Q21) Design a continuous rectangular beam of span 7 m to carry a dead load of 12 Kn/m and a live load of 18 kN/m. The beam is continuous over more than 3 span and is supported by columns. Use M20 concrete and Fe 415 steel.

 

Q22)A simply supported beam, supported over a span of 6m, carries a live load of 15 kN/m. Find out the depth of the beam and area of steel required if the width is equal to half of effective depth.

 

Q23)Design a doubly reinforced rectangular beam of section 230 mm x 550 mm(overall) and effective span of 6.5 m. Imposed load shall be assumed to be 38kN/m. Use M25 and Fe500. Sketch proper detailing to be provided.

 

Design of column

Q24) Explain the term slenderness ratio and classify columns based on slenderness ratio.

 

Q25) Design a column 3.8m long both ends hinged, to carry an axial load on 2000kN. Use M25 and Fe500.

 

Q26) Design a short axial column of effective length 3 m to carry an axial load of 1600 kN. Use M25 concrete and Fe 415 steel.

 

Q27) A R.C.C. square column is to be designed to carry a factored load of 2400 kN. The reinforcement is to be restricted to 2% of gross area. Adopting M25 concrete and Fe-415 steel, design the column. The column may be considered as short.

  Q28) . Determine the reinforcement to be provided in a square column 300 mm x 300 mm subject to uniaxial bending with the following data: Factored loadof 1000 kN, Factored bending moment - 120 kN-m Grade of concrete and Grade of steel M20 and Fe-415 .The reinforcement is to be provided on four faces equally. Use SP-16.

 

Q29)Determine the reinforcement required for a short column subjected to biaxial bending, using the following data: Cross section of the column 400 mm x 600 mm Concrete Mix: M 20 Steel: Fe-415.Factored load P 1800 kn Factored moment acting parallel to the larger dimension, 150 kN-m Factored moment acting parallel to the shorter dimension 120 kN-m.

 

Q30) Design a short column 450 mm square in section to carry an axial load of 800 kN with

 

moments of 60 kN-m and 40 kN-m about two and Fe-415 steel. Assume M20 concrete Steel: Fe-415

 

Q31) A square column 600 mm x 500 mm is reinforced with 2.4% steel. It is subjected to factored load of P-2000 &N and moment 200 kn-m. Check the adequacy of the section adopting M20 concrete and Fe-410 steel. The effective cover to steel may be taken as 50 mm and stool is to be provided equally on all the four sides.

 

Q32)Design a column of size 450 mm x 350 mm Using M25 and Fe-500 where effective length in x direction is 6.5m and effective length in y direction is 5.6 m .The column carry an axial load of 2000 kN .Moment in x direction 45 KN-m at top and 32 kN-m at bottom and Moment in y direction 48 kN-m at top and 36 kN-m at bottom. Sketch the reinforcement details.

Q33)A column 450 mm x 450 mm, is subjected to the factored loads P_u=1500kN M_ux=95 kN-m and M_uy=110kN-m.Design the reinforcement in the column assuming M25 and Fe-415 steel and effective cover 50 mm. Assume it is a short column.

 

Design of Footing

Explain various types of footings with sketches

Q34) Design an isolated footing of uniform thickness of a RC column bearing a vertical load of 850 KN and having a base of size 450 x 450 mm. the safe bearing capacity of soil may be taken as 110 kN/m².

Design of staircase

Briefly explain with the help of sketches different types of stairs

Q35)A straight stair is supported by beam on both sides of 230 mm width, with a horizontal span of 1.8m the riser are 150mm and tread 300mm take live load as 3kN/m². Use M25 and Fe500.Sketch the reinforcement details

 

Q36) Design a dog legged stairs for an office building in a room measuring 2.8m x 5.8 m vertical distance between floor is 3.6m.Width of flight is to be 1.25 m. Allow a live load of 3kN/m².Sketh the details of the reinforcement. Use M25 and Fe500. Stairs are supported on 230mm walls at the end of outer edges of landing slabs.

 

Q37)Design second flight of dog legged stairs, given the following data: Floor to floor height=3.6 m.

150 mm rise and 280 mm tread Imposed load= 3 kN/m²

Dimension of stair cases 2.4 mx 5.5 m. Assume stairs are to be supported on landing beams of width 250 mm parallel to stairs.

Use M20 concrete and Fe 415 steel. Sketch details of reinforcement.

Q38). Floor to floor vertical distance in a residential building is 3.2 m. Design a dog legged staircase, taking 160 mm rise and 250 mm tread as Step size. 2.5 kN/m² Imposed load. Width of stairs1.2 mDimension of stair case: 2.4 mx 4,75 m.Assume stairs are to be supported at the ends of landing slabs only, parallel to risers. M20 concrete and Fe 415 steel.