CONSISTENCY OF CEMENT

CONSISTENCY OF CEMENT

(IS: 269 - 1989 and IS: 4031 - 1988 (Part 4))

 

AIM:   To determine the quantity of water required to produce a cement paste of standard

 consistency.

 

APPARATUS:

Vicat apparatus (conforming to IS: 5513 - 1976) with plunger (10 mm in diameter) balance, weights, gauging trowel.

 

INTRODUCTION:

The consistency test is defined to find out the consistency that will allow penetrating plunger points from 5 mm to 7 mm from the lower level of Vicat mold. With the help of this test results, we can easily find the initial setting time, final setting time, soundness test, compressive strength test, that will you water required to mix with cement. This test is done with the help of the Vicat apparatus. This apparatus may be two types of manual and digital Vicat apparatus.

PROCEDURE:

 

1.         Prepare a paste of weighed quantity of cement (300 grams) with a weighed quantity of potable or distilled water, starting with 26% water of 300g of cement.

        Take a sample of cement weight 300 gm in a pan. by IS code we have to mix 25% water by weighing of cement we can use

2.         Take care that the time of gauging is not less than 3 minutes, not more than 5 minutes and the gauging shall be completed before setting occurs.

3.         The gauging time shall be counted from the time of adding the water to the dry cement until commencing to fill the mould.

4.         Fill the Vicat mould with this paste, the mould resting upon a non porous plate.

5.         After completely filling the mould, trim off the surface of the paste, making it in level

with the top of the mould. The mould may slightly be shaken to expel the air.

6.         Place the test block with the mould, together with the non-porous resting plate, under the rod bearing the plunger (10mm diameter), lower the plunger gently to touch the surface of the test block and quickly release, allowing it to penetrate into the paste.

7.         This operation shall be carried out immediately after filling the mould.

8.      Prepare trial pastes with varying percentages of water and test as described above until the amount of water necessary for making the standard consistency as defined above is obtained.

9.         Express the amount of water as a percentage by weight of the dry cement.

 

PRECAUTIONS: 

Clean machines will be utilized for measuring. In filling the mould of the operator hands and the blade of the measuring gauge will alone be utilized. The temperature of cement, water and that of test room, when the above activities are being performed, will be 27 + 2C. For every reiteration of the analysis new cement is to be taken.

 

OBSERVATIONS:

S. No	Weight of cement  taken in gms (a)	Weight of water taken in gms (b)	Plunger penetration (mm)	Time Taken	Consistency of cement in % by weight b/a * 100
1.
2.
3.

 

RESULT: Normal consistency for the given sample of cement is =

 

 

COMMENTS:

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FINENESS TEST OF CEMENT

(IS: 269-1989 and IS: 4031-1988)

 

AIM:  To Find the fineness of the given sample of cement by sieving.

APPARATUS:

 IS-90 micron sieve conforming to IS: 460-1965, standard balance, weights, and brush.

INTRODUCTION:

The fineness of cement has a significant bearing on the rate of hydration and subsequently on the rate of the addition of strength and furthermore on the pace of advancement of hydration. Better cement offers a more prominent surface territory for hydration and henceforth the quicker and more noteworthy the advancement of solidarity. An increment in fineness of cement is additionally found to build the drying shrinkage of cement. The fineness of cement is tried either by sieving or by the assurance of Specific surface via air-penetrability mechanical assembly. Specific surface is the all-out surface region of the apparent multitude of particles in a single gram of cement

 

FINENESS BY SIEVING:

PROCEDURE:

1. Weigh precisely 100 g of concrete and place it on a standard 90 micron IS sieve

2. Separate any air-set lumps in the cement sample with fingers. 

3. Consistently sieve the sample giving circular and vertical movement for a time of 15 minutes. 

4. weigh the residue left on the sieve. According to IS code, the rate residue should not surpass 10%.

PRECAUTIONS:

Air set lumps in the cement sample are to be squashed utilizing fingers and not to be squeezed with the sieve Sieving will be finished holding the sieving in two hands and with delicate wrist movement. Pretty much constant revolution of the sieve will be completed all through sieving.

OBSERVATIONS: 

S. No	weight of sample taken(g)	weight of residue(g)	Fineness (%)
1.
2.
3.

 

The average fineness of cement =

RESULT: Fineness of the given sample of cement = 

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 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF BRICK

(IS: 1077 -1973)

 

OBJECT: To determine the compressive strength of brick as per (IS: 1077 -1973).

 

APPARATUS: Bricks, cement, sand, water, trowel, CTM.

 

THEORY:

Bricks are used in the construction of either load-bearing walls or in portion walls in case of the frame structure. In bad bearing walls, total weight from the slab and upper floor comes directly through brick, and then it is transversed to the foundation. In case the bricks are loaded with the compressive nature of force on other hand in case of frame structure bricks are used only for the construction of portion walls, layers come directly on the lower layers or wall. In this case, bricks are loaded with the compressive nature of force. Hence for safety measures before using the bricks in actual practice they have to be tested in the laboratory for their compressive strength.

 

PROCEDURE:

1.         Select some brick with uniform shape and size.

2.         Immerse the bricks in the water at room temperature for 24 hrs.

3.         Take out the bricks and wipe out the surplus water from the surface

3.         Now fill the frog portion of the brick with 1:3 cement mortar.

4.         Store the bricks under damp gunny bags for 24 hrs followed by immersion in water for 3 days i.e., 72 hrs.

4.         Place the brick keeping mortar filled frog portion upward and carefully center them between the plates of the testing machine.

5.         Apply the load at a uniform rate until the brick fails.

6.         Also, place 3mm ply on both sides of the surface for the equivalent surface. 

 CALCULATION: -                  Max. Load at failure

Compressive Strength =          -----------------------------

                                                   Loaded Area of brick

RESULT:

The average compressive strength of the brick sample is …………. Kg/cm².

 

PRECAUTION-

1)         Measure the dimensions of Brick accurately.

2)         The specimen should be placed as for as possible in the lower plate.

3)         The range of the gauge fitted on the machine should not be more than double the breaking load of specimen for reliable results.

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 WATER ABSORPTION TEST ON BRICKS

(IS: 1077 -1973)

 

OBJECT: To determine the percentage of water absorption of bricks

APPARATUS:

A touchy equalization fit for weighing inside 0.1% of the mass of the example and ventilated stove.

SPECIMEN:

total 3 random selection of bricks should be done

PROCEDURE:

(I)        Dry the example in a ventilated stove at a temperature of 105 °C to 115°C till it achieves a significantly steady mass.

(II)        Cool the sample to room temperature and get its weight (M1) example too warm to even think about touching will not be utilized for this reason.

(III)      Immerse a totally dried sample in clean water at a temperature of 27+2°C for 24 hours.

(IV)     Remove the sample and clean any excess of water with a moist fabric and take weight of given sample after it has been taken out from water (M2).

CALCULATIONS:

Water ingestion, % by mass, following 24 hours inundation in cool water is given by the equation,

The average result shall be reported.

Result

Water absorption of the given bricks = 15 %

Determination 

At the point when tried as over, the normal water retention will not be over 20% by weight up to class 125 and 15% by weight for the higher class.

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DIMENSIONS OF THE BRICKS

(IS: 1077 -1973)

AIM-  This test is performed to determine the accurate dimensions of the bricks.  

APPARATUS: Meteric Tape,  no of bricks 20-25 

THEORY-

The bricks are made of the natural source i.e. soil and burnt in a kiln at high temperature. therefore bricks are categorized in 4 different ways. In that first class, bricks are superior ones. they made with all proper tests and with accurate dimensions as per code says.

PROCEDURE-

1. Take 20 no. of bricks out of the given lot at randomly.

2. Remove loose particles of clay and small projections of the bricks.

3. Arrange them on a level surface in contact with each other and in a straight line.

4.     Take dimension of bricks first as lengthwise, then width, and then the height-wise.

4. Measure the overall length of 20 bricks of size 19 x 9 x 9 cm laid by means of a Tape.

 5. The Dimensions of 20 bricks should be within the following limits:

Standard Table by code-

S.No.	Class	Length	Width	Height/Depth
1.	Class A	368 - 392 cm	174 - 186 cm	174 - 186 cm
2.	Class B	350 - 410 cm	165 - 195 cm	165 - 195 cm
3.	Class C	Above 410	Above 195	Above 195

 

OBSERVATION-

Observations are then noted as shown below:

1. Total 20 bricks length = ………. cm

2. Total 20 bricks width = ………... cm

3. Total 20 bricks height = ……….. cm

RESULT-  This brick comes under class as  .......... bricks

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